Trigger frame transmission in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

In a Wireless Local Area Network system, an STA may receive a trigger frame from an AP. The trigger frame may include a common information field and user information fields. Each of the user information fields may include a first field related to an association identifier (AID) and a second field including information for the STA related to the AID. The second field may include special information for every STA receiving the trigger frame on the basis that the first field has a specific value. The common information field may include a present field related to whether a user information field in which the first field has the specific value is present among the user information fields.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present specification relates to a method of transmitting a triggerframe in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and moreparticularly, to an operation based on the trigger frame and informationincluded in the trigger frame.

BACKGROUND

Wireless network technologies may include various types of wirelesslocal area networks (WLANs). The WLAN employs widely used networkingprotocols and can be used to interconnect nearby devices together. Thevarious technical features described herein may be applied to anycommunication standard, such as Wi-Fi or, more generally, any one of theIEEE 802.11 family of wireless protocols. A wireless local area network(WLAN) has been enhanced in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11axstandard has proposed an enhanced communication environment by usingorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlinkmulti-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU MIMO) schemes.

The present specification proposes a technical feature that can beutilized in a new communication standard. For example, the newcommunication standard may be an extreme high throughput (EHT) standardwhich is currently being discussed. The EHT standard may use anincreased bandwidth, an enhanced PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU)structure, an enhanced sequence, a hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) scheme, or the like, which is newly proposed. The EHT standardmay be called the IEEE 802.11be standard.

SUMMARY

In a wireless local area network (WLAN) system according to variousembodiments, a station (STA) may receive a trigger frame from an accesspoint (AP). The trigger frame may include a common information field anda user information field. The user information field may include a firstfield related to an association identifier (AID) and a second fieldincluding information for a STA related to the AID. The second field mayinclude special information for all STAs which receive the triggerframe, based on that the first field has a specific value. The commoninformation field may include a present field related to whether theuser information field having the specific value is present in the firstfield of the user information field.

According to an example of the present specification, it is possible toincrease an amount of information included in a trigger frame whiledirectly using a format of the existing trigger frame. Since informationrelated to the 11be feature is included in a user field corresponding toa specific AID, there is no problem in backward compatibility and it isadvantageous to secure forward compatibility. That is, since an AIDrelated to special information needs to be newly set in a futurestandard, it can be continuously used for a next-generation standard.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or receivingapparatus of the present specification.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual view illustrating the structure of a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN).

FIG. 3 illustrates a general link setup process.

FIG. 4 illustrates a layout of resource units (RUs) used in a band of 80MHz.

FIG. 5 illustrates an operation based on UL-MU.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a trigger frame.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a common information field of a triggerframe.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a subfield included in a per userinformation field.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the presentspecification.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a modified transmission device and/orreceiving device of the present specification.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a trigger frame.

FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1A.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1A.

FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1B.

FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1B.

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method B.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method A.

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method B.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment of a method of operating a STA.

FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of a method of operating an AP.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or“both A and B”. In other words, in the present specification, “A or B”may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the presentspecification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or“any combination of A, B, C”.

A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean“and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B”may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C”may mean “A, B, or C”.

In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the presentspecification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least oneof A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C”may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, andC”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B,and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.

In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean“for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information(EHT-signal)”, it may denote that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an exampleof the “control information”. In other words, the “control information”of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-signal”, and“EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”.In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., EHT-signal)”,it may also mean that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the“control information”.

Technical features described individually in one figure in the presentspecification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneouslyimplemented.

The following example of the present specification may be applied tovarious wireless communication systems. For example, the followingexample of the present specification may be applied to a wireless localarea network (WLAN) system. For example, the present specification maybe applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11axstandard. In addition, the present specification may also be applied tothe newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition,the example of the present specification may also be applied to a newWLAN standard enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11bestandard. In addition, the example of the present specification may beapplied to a mobile communication system. For example, it may be appliedto a mobile communication system based on long term evolution (LTE)depending on a 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) standard andbased on evolution of the LTE. In addition, the example of the presentspecification may be applied to a communication system of a 5G NRstandard based on the 3GPP standard.

Hereinafter, in order to describe a technical feature of the presentspecification, a technical feature applicable to the presentspecification will be described.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or receivingapparatus of the present specification.

In the example of FIG. 1 , various technical features described belowmay be performed. FIG. 1 relates to at least one station (STA). Forexample, STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may also becalled in various terms such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, awireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobilestation (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user. The STAs 110and 120 of the present specification may also be called in various termssuch as a network, a base station, a node-B, an access point (AP), arepeater, a router, a relay, or the like. The STAs 110 and 120 of thepresent specification may also be referred to as various names such as areceiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, atransmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, or thelike.

For example, the STAs 110 and 120 may serve as an AP or a non-AP. Thatis, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may serve as theAP and/or the non-AP.

The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may support variouscommunication standards together in addition to the IEEE 802.11standard. For example, a communication standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NRstandard) or the like based on the 3GPP standard may be supported. Inaddition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented asvarious devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer,or the like. In addition, the STA of the present specification maysupport communication for various communication services such as voicecalls, video calls, data communication, and self-driving(autonomous-driving), or the like.

The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may include a mediumaccess control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and aphysical layer interface for a radio medium.

The STAs 110 and 120 will be described below with reference to asub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 .

The first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and atransceiver 113. The illustrated process, memory, and transceiver may beimplemented individually as separate chips, or at least twoblocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip.

The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signaltransmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet(e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) may be transmitted/received.

For example, the first STA 110 may perform an operation intended by anAP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signalthrough the transceiver 113, process a reception (RX) signal, generate atransmission (TX) signal, and provide control for signal transmission.The memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) receivedthrough the transceiver 113, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) tobe transmitted through the transceiver.

For example, the second STA 120 may perform an operation intended by anon-AP STA. For example, a transceiver 123 of a non-AP performs a signaltransmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet(e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be packet, etc.) may betransmitted/received.

For example, a processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signalthrough the transceiver 123, process an RX signal, generate a TX signal,and provide control for signal transmission. A memory 122 of the non-APSTA may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through thetransceiver 123, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to betransmitted through the transceiver.

For example, an operation of a device indicated as an AP in thespecification described below may be performed in the first STA 110 orthe second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the AP, theoperation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by theprocessor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may betransmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by theprocessor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control informationrelated to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may bestored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. In addition, if thesecond STA 120 is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as theAP may be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and arelated signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition,control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signalof the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.

For example, in the specification described below, an operation of adevice indicated as a non-AP (or user-STA) may be performed in the firstSTA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the second STA 120 is thenon-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may becontrolled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a relatedsignal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition,control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RXsignal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the non-AP, the operation ofthe device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted orreceived through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 ofthe first STA 110. In addition, control information related to theoperation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored inthe memory 112 of the first STA 110.

In the specification described below, a device called a(transmitting/receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2,an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a(transmitting/receiving) terminal, a (transmitting/receiving) device, a(transmitting/receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like may imply theSTAs 110 and 120 of FIG. 1 . For example, a device indicated as, withouta specific reference numeral, the (transmitting/receiving) STA, thefirst STA, the second STA, the STA1, the STA2, the AP, the first AP, thesecond AP, the AP1, the AP2, the (transmitting/receiving) terminal, the(transmitting/receiving) device, the (transmitting/receiving) apparatus,the network, or the like may imply the STAs 110 and 120 of FIG. 1 . Forexample, in the following example, an operation in which various STAstransmit/receive a signal (e.g., a PPDU) may be performed in thetransceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1 . In addition, in the followingexample, an operation in which various STAs generate a TX/RX signal orperform data processing and computation in advance for the TX/RX signalmay be performed in the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. 1 . For example,an example of an operation for generating the TX/RX signal or performingthe data processing and computation in advance may include: 1) anoperation ofdetermining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding bitinformation of a sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included in a PPDU; 2)an operation of determining/configuring/obtaining a time resource orfrequency resource (e.g., a subcarrier resource) or the like used forthe sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included the PPDU; 3) an operationof determining/configuring/obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilotsequence, an STF/LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) or thelike used for the sub-field (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in thePPDU; 4) a power control operation and/or power saving operation appliedfor the STA; and 5) an operation related todetermining/obtaining/configuring/decoding/encoding or the like of anACK signal. In addition, in the following example, a variety ofinformation used by various STAs fordetermining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding/decoding a TX/RXsignal (e.g., information related to a field/subfield/controlfield/parameter/power or the like) may be stored in the memories 112 and122 of FIG. 1 .

The aforementioned device/STA of the sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 may bemodified as shown in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 . Hereinafter, theSTAs 110 and 120 of the present specification will be described based onthe sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 .

For example, the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure(b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the aforementionedtransceiver illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 . For example,processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1may include the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122. Theprocessors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122 illustrated in thesub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as theaforementioned processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 .

A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit(WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobilesubscriber unit, a user, a user STA, a network, a base station, aNode-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, a receivingunit, a transmitting unit, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, areceiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving apparatus, and/or atransmitting apparatus, which are described below, may imply the STAs110 and 120 illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 , or mayimply the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in the sub-figure (b)of FIG. 1 . That is, a technical feature of the present specificationmay be performed in the STAs 110 and 120 illustrated in the sub-figure(a)/(b) of FIG. 1 , or may be performed only in the processing chips 114and 124 illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 . For example, atechnical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits a controlsignal may be understood as a technical feature in which a controlsignal generated in the processors 111 and 121 illustrated in thesub-figure (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceivers 113and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 . Alternatively,the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits thecontrol signal may be understood as a technical feature in which thecontrol signal to be transferred to the transceivers 113 and 123 isgenerated in the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in thesub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 .

For example, a technical feature in which the receiving STA receives thecontrol signal may be understood as a technical feature in which thecontrol signal is received by means of the transceivers 113 and 123illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 . Alternatively, thetechnical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signalmay be understood as the technical feature in which the control signalreceived in the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure(a) of FIG. 1 is obtained by the processors 111 and 121 illustrated inthe sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 . Alternatively, the technical feature inwhich the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood asthe technical feature in which the control signal received in thetransceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 isobtained by the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in thesub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 .

Referring to the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 , software codes 115 and 125may be included in the memories 112 and 122. The software codes 115 and126 may include instructions for controlling an operation of theprocessors 111 and 121. The software codes 115 and 125 may be includedas various programming languages.

The processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 mayinclude an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), otherchipsets, a logic circuit and/or a data processing device. The processormay be an application processor (AP). For example, the processors 111and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 may include at leastone of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit(CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modulator and demodulator(modem). For example, the processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114and 124 of FIG. 1 may be SNAPDRAGON™ series of processors made byQualcomm®, EXYNOS™ series of processors made by Samsung®, A series ofprocessors made by Apple®, HELIO™ series of processors made byMediaTek®, ATOM™ series of processors made by Intel® or processorsenhanced from these processors.

In the present specification, an uplink may imply a link forcommunication from a non-AP STA to an SP STA, and an uplinkPPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the uplink. Inaddition, in the present specification, a downlink may imply a link forcommunication from the AP STA to the non-AP STA, and a downlinkPPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the downlink.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual view illustrating the structure of a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN).

An upper part of FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an infrastructurebasic service set (BSS) of institute of electrical and electronicengineers (i.e.EE) 802.11.

Referring the upper part of FIG. 2 , the wireless LAN system may includeone or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter, referred to asBSS). The BSSs 200 and 205 as a set of an AP and a STA such as an accesspoint (AP) 225 and a station (STA1) 200-1 which are successfullysynchronized to communicate with each other are not concepts indicatinga specific region. The BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and205-2 which may be joined to one AP 230.

The BSS may include at least one STA, APs providing a distributionservice, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting multiple APs.

The distribution system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS)240 extended by connecting the multiple BSSs 200 and 205. The ESS 240may be used as a term indicating one network configured by connectingone or more APs 225 or 230 through the distribution system 210. The APincluded in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification(SSID).

A portal 220 may serve as a bridge which connects the wireless LANnetwork (i.e.EE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X).

In the BSS illustrated in the upper part of FIG. 2 , a network betweenthe APs 225 and 230 and a network between the APs 225 and 230 and theSTAs 200-1, 205-1, and 205-2 may be implemented. However, the network isconfigured even between the STAs without the APs 225 and 230 to performcommunication. A network in which the communication is performed byconfiguring the network even between the STAs without the APs 225 and230 is defined as an Ad-Hoc network or an independent basic service set(IBSS).

A lower part of FIG. 2 illustrates a conceptual view illustrating theIBSS.

Referring to the lower part of FIG. 2 , the IBSS is a BSS that operatesin an Ad-Hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include the access point(AP), a centralized management entity that performs a managementfunction at the center does not exist. That is, in the IBSS, STAs 250-1,250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed by a distributed manner. Inthe IBSS, all STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 may beconstituted by movable STAs and are not permitted to access the DS toconstitute a self-contained network.

FIG. 3 illustrates a general link setup process.

In S310, a STA may perform a network discovery operation. The networkdiscovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. Thatis, to access a network, the STA needs to discover a participatingnetwork. The STA needs to identify a compatible network beforeparticipating in a wireless network, and a process of identifying anetwork present in a particular area is referred to as scanning.Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

FIG. 3 illustrates a network discovery operation including an activescanning process. In active scanning, a STA performing scanningtransmits a probe request frame and waits for a response to the proberequest frame in order to identify which AP is present around whilemoving to channels. A responder transmits a probe response frame as aresponse to the probe request frame to the STA having transmitted theprobe request frame. Here, the responder may be a STA that transmits thelast beacon frame in a BSS of a channel being scanned. In the BSS, sincean AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP is the responder. In an IBSS,since STAs in the IBSS transmit a beacon frame in turns, the responderis not fixed. For example, when the STA transmits a probe request framevia channel 1 and receives a probe response frame via channel 1, the STAmay store BSS-related information included in the received proberesponse frame, may move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2), and mayperform scanning (e.g., transmits a probe request and receives a proberesponse via channel 2) by the same method.

Although not shown in FIG. 3 , scanning may be performed by a passivescanning method. In passive scanning, a STA performing scanning may waitfor a beacon frame while moving to channels. A beacon frame is one ofmanagement frames in IEEE 802.11 and is periodically transmitted toindicate the presence of a wireless network and to enable the STAperforming scanning to find the wireless network and to participate inthe wireless network. In a BSS, an AP serves to periodically transmit abeacon frame. In an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS transmit a beacon frame inturns. Upon receiving the beacon frame, the STA performing scanningstores information related to a BSS included in the beacon frame andrecords beacon frame information in each channel while moving to anotherchannel. The STA having received the beacon frame may store BSS-relatedinformation included in the received beacon frame, may move to the nextchannel, and may perform scanning in the next channel by the samemethod.

After discovering the network, the STA may perform an authenticationprocess in S320. The authentication process may be referred to as afirst authentication process to be clearly distinct from the followingsecurity setup operation in S340. The authentication process in S320 mayinclude a process in which the STA transmits an authentication requestframe to the AP and the AP transmits an authentication response frame tothe STA in response. The authentication frames used for anauthentication request/response are management frames.

The authentication frames may include information related to anauthentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequencenumber, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network(RSN), and a finite cyclic group.

The STA may transmit the authentication request frame to the AP. The APmay determine whether to allow the authentication of the STA based onthe information included in the received authentication request frame.The AP may provide the authentication processing result to the STA viathe authentication response frame.

When the STA is successfully authenticated, the STA may perform anassociation process in S330. The association process includes a processin which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP andthe AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response.The association request frame may include, for example, informationrelated to various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service setidentifier (SSID), a supported rate, a supported channel, RSN, amobility domain, a supported operating class, a traffic indication map(TIM) broadcast request, and an interworking service capability. Theassociation response frame may include, for example, information relatedto various capabilities, a status code, an association ID (AID), asupported rate, an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameterset, a received channel power indicator (RCPI), a receivedsignal-to-noise indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval(association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scanning parameter, aTIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.

In S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The securitysetup process in S340 may include a process of setting up a private keythrough four-way handshaking, for example, through an extensibleauthentication protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

FIG. 4 illustrates a layout of resource units (RUs) used in a band of 80MHz.

RUs having various sizes such as a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, a 242-RU, a484-RU, a 996-RU may be used. Further, seven DC tones may be inserted inthe center frequency, 12 tones may be used for a guard band in theleftmost band of the 80 MHz band, and 11 tones may be used for a guardband in the rightmost band of the 80 MHz band. In addition, a 26-RUcorresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DCband may be used.

As illustrated in FIG. 7 , when the layout of the RUs is used for asingle user, a 996-RU may be used, in which case five DC tones may beinserted.

The RU described in the present specification may be used in uplink (UL)communication and downlink (DL) communication. For example, when UL-MUcommunication which is solicited by a trigger frame is performed, atransmitting STA (e.g., AP) may allocate a first RU (e.g.,26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA through the trigger frame, andmay allocate a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA.Thereafter, the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU basedon the first RU, and the second STA may transmit a second trigger-basedPPDU based on the second RU. The first/second trigger-based PPDU istransmitted to the AP at the same (or overlapped) time period.

For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA(e.g., AP) may allocate the first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU. etc.) tothe first STA, and may allocate the second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU,etc.) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) maytransmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through thefirst RU in one MU PPDU, and may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Datafields for the second STA through the second RU.

Information related to a layout of the RU may be signaled throughHE-SIG-B.

FIG. 5 illustrates an operation based on UL-MU. As illustrated, atransmitting STA (e.g., AP) may perform channel access throughcontending (e.g., a backoff operation), and may transmit a trigger frame1030. That is, the transmitting STA may transmit a PPDU including thetrigger frame 1030. Upon receiving the PPDU including the trigger frame,a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay corresponding toSIFS.

TB PPDUs 1041 and 1042 may be transmitted at the same time period, andmay be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) havingAIDs indicated in the trigger frame 1030. An ACK frame 1050 for the TBPPDU may be implemented in various forms.

A specific feature of the trigger frame is described with reference toFIG. 6 to FIG. 8 . Even if UL-MU communication is used, an orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme or a MU MIMO schememay be used, and the OFDMA and MU-MIMO schemes may be simultaneouslyused.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a trigger frame. The trigger frame ofFIG. 6 allocates a resource for uplink multiple-user (MU) transmission,and may be transmitted, for example, from

Each field shown in FIG. 6 may be partially omitted, and another fieldmay be added. In addition, a length of each field may be changed to bedifferent from that shown in the figure.

A frame control field 1110 of FIG. 6 may include information related toa MAC protocol version and extra additional control information. Aduration field 1120 may include time information for NAV configurationor information related to an identifier (e.g., AID) of a STA.

In addition, an RA field 1130 may include address information of areceiving STA of a corresponding trigger frame, and may be optionallyomitted. A TA field 1140 may include address information of a STA (e.g.,AP) which transmits the corresponding trigger frame. A commoninformation field 1150 includes common control information applied tothe receiving STA which receives the corresponding trigger frame. Forexample, a field indicating a length of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDUtransmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame orinformation for controlling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-Afield) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the correspondingtrigger frame may be included. In addition, as common controlinformation, information related to a length of a CP of the uplink PPDUtransmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame orinformation related to a length of an LTF field may be included.

In addition, per user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N correspondingto the number of receiving STAs which receive the trigger frame of FIG.6 are preferably included. The per user information field may also becalled an “allocation field”.

In addition, the trigger frame of FIG. 6 may include a padding field1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180.

Each of the per user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N shown in FIG. 6may include a plurality of subfields.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a common information field of a triggerframe. A subfield of FIG. 7 may be partially omitted, and an extrasubfield may be added. In addition, a length of each subfieldillustrated may be changed.

A length field 1210 illustrated has the same value as a length field ofan L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to acorresponding trigger frame, and a length field of the L-SIG field ofthe uplink PPDU indicates a length of the uplink PPDU. As a result, thelength field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate thelength of the corresponding uplink PPDU.

In addition, a cascade identifier field 1220 indicates whether a cascadeoperation is performed. The cascade operation implies that downlink MUtransmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in thesame TXOP. That is, it implies that downlink MU transmission isperformed and thereafter uplink MU transmission is performed after apre-set time (e.g., SIFS). During the cascade operation, only onetransmitting device (e.g., AP) may perform downlink communication, and aplurality of transmitting devices (e.g., non-APs) may perform uplinkcommunication.

A CS required field 1230 indicates whether a wireless medium state or aNAV or the like is necessarily considered in a situation where areceiving device which has received a corresponding trigger frametransmits a corresponding uplink PPDU.

An HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information forcontrolling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-A field) of theuplink PPDU in response to the corresponding trigger frame.

A CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information related to a CPlength and LTF length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to thecorresponding trigger frame. A trigger type field 1260 may indicate apurpose of using the corresponding trigger frame, for example, typicaltriggering, triggering for beamforming, a request for block ACK/NACK, orthe like.

It may be assumed that the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger framein the present specification indicates a trigger frame of a basic typefor typical triggering. For example, the trigger frame of the basic typemay be referred to as a basic trigger frame.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a subfield included in a per userinformation field. A user information field 1300 of FIG. 8 may beunderstood as any one of the per user information fields 1160#1 to1160#N mentioned above with reference to FIG. 6 . A subfield included inthe user information field 1300 of FIG. 8 may be partially omitted, andan extra subfield may be added. In addition, a length of each subfieldillustrated may be changed.

A user identifier field 1310 of FIG. 8 indicates an identifier of a STA(i.e., receiving STA) corresponding to per user information. An exampleof the identifier may be the entirety or part of an associationidentifier (AID) value of the receiving STA.

In addition, an RU allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, whenthe receiving STA identified through the user identifier field 1310transmits a TB PPDU in response to the trigger frame, the TB PPDU istransmitted through an RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320. Inthis case, the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 may be an RUshown in FIG. 4 .

The subfield of FIG. 8 may include a coding type field 1330. The codingtype field 1330 may indicate a coding type of the TB PPDU. For example,when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330may be set to ‘1’, and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding typefield 1330 may be set to ‘0’.

In addition, the subfield of FIG. 8 may include an MCS field 1340. TheMCS field 1340 may indicate an MCS scheme applied to the TB PPDU. Forexample, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding typefield 1330 may be set to ‘1’, and when LDPC coding is applied, thecoding type field 1330 may be set to ‘0’.

Hereinafter, a PPDU transmitted/received in a STA of the presentspecification will be described.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the presentspecification.

The PPDU of FIG. 9 may be called in various terms such as an EHT PPDU, aTX PPDU, an RX PPDU, a first type or N-th type PPDU, or the like. Forexample, in the present specification, the PPDU or the EHT PPDU may becalled in various terms such as a TX PPDU, a RX PPDU, a first type orN-th type PPDU, or the like. In addition, the EHT PPDU may be used in anEHT system and/or a new WLAN system enhanced from the EHT system.

The PPDU of FIG. 9 may indicate the entirety or part of a PPDU type usedin the EHT system. For example, the example of FIG. 9 may be used forboth of a single-user (SU) mode and a multi-user (MU) mode. In otherwords, the PPDU of FIG. 9 may be a PPDU for one receiving STA or aplurality of receiving STAs. When the PPDU of FIG. 9 is used for atrigger-based (TB) mode, the EHT-SIG of FIG. 9 may be omitted. In otherwords, a STA which has received a trigger frame for uplink-MU (UL-MU)may transmit the PPDU in which the EHT-SIG is omitted in the example ofFIG. 9 .

In FIG. 9 , an L-STF to an EHT-LTF may be called a preamble or aphysical preamble, and may begenerated/transmitted/received/obtained/decoded in a physical layer.

A subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, andEHT-SIG fields of FIG. 9 may be determined as 312.5 kHz, and asubcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields may bedetermined as 78.125 kHz. That is, a tone index (or subcarrier index) ofthe L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields may beexpressed in unit of 312.5 kHz, and a tone index (or subcarrier index)of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in unit of78.125 kHz.

In the PPDU of FIG. 9 , the L-LTF and the L-STF may be the same as thosein the conventional fields.

The transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG generated in the same manneras the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. Thereceiving STA may know that the RX PPDU is the HE PPDU or the EHT PPDU,based on the presence of the RL-SIG.

A universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted after the RL-SIG of FIG. 9 . TheU-SIG may be called in various terms such as a first SIG field, a firstSIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, a first(type) control signal, or the like.

The U-SIG may include information of N bits, and may include informationfor identifying a type of the EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may beconfigured based on two symbols (e.g., two contiguous OFDM symbols).Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4us. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit the 26-bitinformation. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may betransmitted/received based on 52 data tomes and 4 pilot tones.

The common field of the EHT-SIG and the user-specific field of theEHT-SIG may be individually coded. One user block field included in theuser-specific field may include information for two users, but a lastuser block field included in the user-specific field may includeinformation for one user. That is, one user block field of the EHT-SIGmay include up to two user fields. As in the example of FIG. 6 , eachuser field may be related to MU-MIMO allocation, or may be related tonon-MU-MIMO allocation.

The common field of the EHT-SIG may include a CRC bit and a tail bit. Alength of the CRC bit may be determined as 4 bits. A length of the tailbit may be determined as 6 bits, and may be set to ‘000000’.

The common field of the EHT-SIG may include RU allocation information.The RU allocation information may imply information related to alocation of an RU to which a plurality of users (i.e., a plurality ofreceiving STAs) are allocated. The RU allocation information may beconfigured in unit of 8 bits (or N bits), as in Table 1.

In the following example, a signal represented as a (TX/RX/UL/DL)signal, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) frame, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) packet, a (TX/RX/UL/DL)data unit, (TX/RX/UL/DL) data, or the like may be a signaltransmitted/received based on the PPDU of FIG. 9 . The PPDU of FIG. 9may be used to transmit/receive frames of various types. For example,the PPDU of FIG. 9 may be used for a control frame. An example of thecontrol frame may include a request to send (RTS), a clear to send(CTS), a power save-poll (PS-poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, a null datapacket (NDP) announcement, and a trigger frame. For example, the PPDU ofFIG. 9 may be used for a management frame. An example of the managementframe may include a beacon frame, a (re-)association request frame, a(re-)association response frame, a probe request frame, and a proberesponse frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 9 may be used for a dataframe. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 9 may be used to simultaneouslytransmit at least two or more of the control frame, the managementframe, and the data frame.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a modified transmission device and/orreceiving device of the present specification.

Each device/STA of the sub-figure (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 may be modified asshown in FIG. 10 . A transceiver 630 of FIG. 10 may be identical to thetransceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1 . The transceiver 630 of FIG. 10 mayinclude a receiver and a transmitter.

A processor 610 of FIG. 10 may be identical to the processors 111 and121 of FIG. 1 . Alternatively, the processor 610 of FIG. 10 may beidentical to the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 .

A memory 620 of FIG. 10 may be identical to the memories 112 and 122 ofFIG. 1 . Alternatively, the memory 620 of FIG. 10 may be a separateexternal memory different from the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 .

Referring to FIG. 10 , a power management module 611 manages power forthe processor 610 and/or the transceiver 630. A battery 612 suppliespower to the power management module 611. A display 613 outputs a resultprocessed by the processor 610. A keypad 614 receives inputs to be usedby the processor 610. The keypad 614 may be displayed on the display613. A SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit which is used tosecurely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) andits related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscriberson mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and computers.

Referring to FIG. 10 , a speaker 640 may output a result related to asound processed by the processor 610. A microphone 641 may receive aninput related to a sound to be used by the processor 610.

Puncturing information may be indicated in a trigger based (TB) physicalprotocol data unit (PPDU) of 11be. That is, the TB PPDU may include thepuncturing information. However, when the trigger frame is transmittedusing a non-HT duplicate PPDU or the like, if it is transmitted in apuncturing form, a STA which has received the trigger frame cannotrecognize the puncturing information by using only content included inthe existing trigger frame. Hereinafter, information which may beincluded in the trigger frame and a trigger frame for including newinformation while maintaining the existing configuration are described.For example, the new information may be information included in thetrigger frame to support an EHT. For example, the new information mayinclude puncturing information, information related to whether 320 MHzis supported, or the like.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a trigger frame.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the trigger frame includes reserved bits. Thereserved bits may be used in order for the trigger frame to include newinformation.

1. Maintain Existing Trigger Frame, Indicate Maximum UL BW

In order to indicate additional information while maintaining theexisting trigger frame format, the existing bits shall be used whilemaintaining the total number of bits included in the trigger frame. Itis assumed in the present embodiment that a maximum uplink (UL)bandwidth (BW) is 160 MHz, as in the conventional case (i.e., 11ax).

1) Indicate puncturing information (PI) using HE-SIG-A2 reserved field

By default, an HE-SIG-A2 reserved field value which is present in acommon field of a trigger frame may be included in a reserved field of atrigger based (TB) PPDU SIG-A2. In particular, in 11be, the existing11ax HE-SIG-A may be replaced with a U-SIG. The HE-SIG-A2 reserved fieldmay be used to indicate puncturing information. Issues to be consideredwhen indicating the puncturing information are as follows.

The number of PI bits: The number of bits may be considered staticallyor dynamically according to dependency of a UL bandwidth (BW) value ofthe common field. That is, the number of bits related to the PI may beset to a specific value, or may vary depending on the UL BW.

Indication method

A. If a puncturing pattern is not defined, a bitmap indicatingindependently whether each of 20 MHz segments is punctured (e.g.,puncturing if it is 1) may be used.

B. If the puncturing pattern is defined, a value may be specified foreach pattern. That is, an index corresponding to each puncturing patternmay be used. The puncturing pattern may not cover all possible cases,and only specific patterns may be used.

For example, if the number of patterns is 10 (i.e., if only 10puncturing patterns are used), the pattern may be indicated using 4 bitsaccording to each value (e.g., 0000 to 1001).

1-1) Static method: The number of Max PI bits is set irrespective of aUL BW value

In the present embodiment, a method in which the number of PI bits isfixed is described separately according to the indication methods A andB described above.

1-1A) In case of the indication method A, that is, in case of using abitmap indicating independently whether each of 20 MHz segments ispunctured, if a (local) BW indicated in PHY (e.g., in U-SIG) is up to 80MHz, the Max PI bit is 4 bit, and if the BW indicated in the PHY is upto 160 MHz, the Max PI bit is 8 bit.

It may be indicated in an orderly manner from bit0 according to the ULBW value, and a part not corresponding thereto may be a reserved bit.For example, if a maximum UL BW is 160 MHz, the number of Max PI bitsmay be 8 bit and the UL BW may be 80 MHz. If first 4 bits are 1110, itmeans that last 20 MHz segments of 80 MHz are punctured, and last 4 bitsmay be reserved.

FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1A.

Referring to FIG. 12 , a maximum (local) BW may be 160 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 160 MHz. Since the maximum UL BW is 160 MHz, the number ofbits is 8. Since 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz segments are punctured, PI mayinclude a bitmap of 00110000. A TB PPDU may include puncturinginformation in a U-SIG, and the puncturing information included in theU-SIG of the TB PPDU may also include the bitmap of 00110000. The TBPPDU may also be transmitted through a channel in which 3^(rd) and4^(th) 20 MHz segments are punctured.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1A.

Referring to FIG. 13 , a maximum (local) BW may be 80 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 80 MHz. Since the maximum (local) UL BW is 80 MHz, thenumber of bits is 4. Since 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz segments arepunctured, PI may include bitmaps of 0011 and 0000, respectively. Thatis, PI of a trigger frame transmitted at an 80 MHz band including apunctured region may include a bitmap of 0011, and PI of a trigger frametransmitted at a non-punctured 80 MHz band may include a bitmap of 0000.A TB PPDU may include puncturing information in a U-SIG, and thepuncturing information included in the U-SIG of the TB PPDU may alsoinclude the bitmaps of 0011 and 0000, respectively. The TB PPDU may alsobe transmitted through a channel in which 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHzsegments are punctured.

1-1B) In case of the indication method B, that is, in a case where apuncturing pattern is defined and an index corresponding to eachpuncturing patter is used, if a (local) BW indicated in PHY (e.g., inU-SIG) is up to 80 MHz and if two puncturing pattern are defined at 40MHz and three puncturing patterns are defined at 80 MHz, since the totalnumber of patterns is 5, a Max PI bit is 3 bit.

FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1B.

Referring to FIG. 14 , a maximum (local) BW may be 160 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 160 MHz. For example, when the number of defined patterns isless than or equal to 16, the number of PI bits may be 4. When an indexfor a pattern in which a 2^(nd) 20 MHz segment is punctured is 0100, PIof a trigger frame may include a bitmap of 0100. A TB PPDU may includepuncturing information in a U-SIG, and the puncturing informationincluded in the U-SIG of the TB PPDU may also include the bitmap of0100. The TB PPDU may also be transmitted through a channel in which a2^(nd) 20 MHz segment is punctured.

FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of the method 1-1B.

Referring to FIG. 15 , a maximum (local) BW may be 80 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 80 MHz. For example, when the number of defined patterns isless than or equal to 8, the number of PI bits may be 3. When an indexfor a pattern in which a 2^(nd) 20 MHz segment is punctured is 010, PIof a trigger frame may include bitmaps of 010 and 000. That is, PI of atrigger frame transmitted at an 80 MHz band including a punctured regionmay include a bitmap of 010, and PI of a trigger frame transmitted at anon-punctured 80 MHz band may include a bitmap of 000. That is, if thePI of the trigger frame includes the bitmap of 010, it may mean that a2^(nd) 2-MHz segment of 80 MHz is punctured, and if the PI of thetrigger frame includes the bitmap of 000, it may mean that there is nopart punctured in 80 MHz. A TB PPDU may include puncturing informationin a U-SIG, and the puncturing information included in the U-SIG of theTB PPDU may also include the bitmaps of 010 and 000. The TB PPDU mayalso be transmitted through a channel in which a 2^(nd) 20 MHz segmentis punctured.

1-2) Dynamic method: It has a to-be-determined (TBD) bit according to aUL BW value

According to the present embodiment, the number of PI bits may varydepending on a UL BW value.

1-2A) In case of the indication method A, that is, in case of using abitmap indicating independently whether each of 20 MHz segments ispunctured, it is 8 bit if a UL BW is 160 MHz, and is 4 bit if the UL BWis 80 MHz.

1-2B) In case of the indication method B, that is, in a case where apuncturing pattern is defined and an index corresponding to eachpuncturing patter is used, if two puncturing pattern are defined at 40MHz and three puncturing patterns are defined at 80 MHz, PI may be 1 bitin case of 40 MHz, and may be 2 bit in case of 80 MHz.

The example 1-2) in which the UL BW is 160 MHz is the same as theexample of FIG. 12 in which a maximum local BW is 160 MHz, except thatthe number of PI bits may change dynamically. For example, if a Max(local) BW is 160 MHz and a UL BW of a trigger frame is 80 MHz, thenumber of PI bits may be 4 bit, unlike in the example of the bitmap ofFIG. 12 .

2. Maintain Existing Trigger Frame, With at Least 160 MHz of Maximum ULBW

In order to indicate additional information while maintaining theexisting trigger frame format, the existing bits shall be used whilemaintaining the total number of bits. In addition, in order to indicatea UL BW of at least 160 MHz, for example, a UL BW of 320 MHz,information of the 320 MHz BW may be additionally included in additionto a bit for the existing UL BW.

The present embodiment may additionally include a wider bandwidthindication (e.g., information indicating bandwidth extension, bandwidthextension information) in the method of the section 1. Hereinafter, onlya wider bandwidth method is described, and a PI indication is the sameas in the section 1.

1) Use of a bit for a wider bandwidth

First, a wider bandwidth may be indicated by using an HE-SIG-A2 reservedfield or reserved bit, and a method of indicating PI may use the methodof the section 4.1. In particular, an indication method based on apuncturing pattern (the indication method B of the section 1) may beused to reduce an overhead.

Wider bandwidth indication: 1 bit is used (for example, if 1, 320 MHz,if 0, reserved 240 MHz (if 240 MHz is defined))

PI method: The method of the section 1 is applied

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method B.

Referring to FIG. 16 , a maximum (local) BW may be 320 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 320 MHz. For example, when the number of defined patterns isless than or equal to 32, the number of PI bits may be 5. PI of thetrigger frame may include 1 bit(1) related to the 320 MHz bandwidth. Forexample, the PI of the trigger frame may include a bitmap of 100110. Ifan index for a pattern in which 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz segments of aprimary 160 MHz are punctured and 1^(st) and 2^(nd) 20 MHz segments of asecondary 160 MHz are punctured is 00110, the PI of the trigger framemay include a bitmap of 00110. That is, if the PI of the trigger frameincludes a bitmap of 100110, it may mean that 3^(rd), 4^(th), 9^(th),and 10^(th) 20 MHz segments of 320 MHz are punctured. That is, a firstbit may be related to a 320 MHz bandwidth, and last 5 bits may berelated to the puncturing pattern. A TB PPDU may include puncturinginformation in a U-SIG, and the puncturing information included in theU-SIG of the TB PPDU may also include the bitmap of 00110. The TB PPDUmay also be transmitted through a channel in which 3^(rd), 4^(th),9^(th), and 10^(th) segments are punctured.

2) Define a new trigger variant for a wider bandwidth

That is, an additional wider bandwidth and PI thereof are indicated byusing a trigger dependent common field through this variant. Informationon a primary 160 of 320 MHz may be indicated by using methods defined inthe section 1. That is, PI for a wider bandwidth and a secondary 160 MHzuses a dependent field.

2-1) When a wider bandwidth is present only in 320 MHz

Wider bandwidth indication: 1 bit is used (for example, 320 MHz if 1)

PI: The same method as in the definition (up to 160 MHz) in the section1 may be used.

In particular, the indication method B may be interpreted differentlydepending on a method. This is described in the following example.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method A.

Referring to FIG. 17 , a maximum (local) BW may be 320 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 320 MHz. Since the maximum UL BW is 320 MHz, the number ofbits is 16. Herein, 1 bit(1) related to the 320 MHz bandwidth may beadditionally included. For example, PI of the trigger frame may includea bitmap of 00110000 111000000. A bitmap (i.e., 00110000) of 8 bit forprimary 160 MHz may be included in a common field, and a bitmap (i.e.,111000000) for 1 bit related to the 320 MHz bandwidth and 8 bit forsecondary 160 MH may be included in a dependent common field. Since3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz segments of the primary 160 MHz are puncturedand 1^(st) and 2^(nd) 20 MHz segments of the secondary 160 MHz arepunctured, the PI of the trigger frame may include the bitmap of00110000 11000000. 1 bit related to the 320 MHz bandwidth may beincluded in a first part of a bitmap for the secondary 160 MHz. That is,if the PI of the trigger frame includes the bitmap of 00110000111000000, it may mean that 3^(rd), 4^(th), 9^(th), and 10^(th) 20 MHzsegments of 320 MHz are punctured. That is, the 9^(th) bit may berelated to the 320 MHz bandwidth, and the remaining bits may be relatedto positions of the punctured 20 MHz segments. A TB PPDU may includepuncturing information in a U-SIG, and the puncturing informationincluded in the U-SIG of the TB PPDU may also include the bitmap of00110000 11000000. The TB PPDU may also be transmitted through a channelin which 3^(rd), 4^(th), 9^(th) and 10^(th) segments are punctured.

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a trigger frame/TB PPDU transmittedthrough a 320 MHz bandwidth by using the indication method B.

Referring to FIG. 18 , a maximum (local) BW may be 320 MHz, and a UL BWmay also be 320 MHz. 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz segments of a primary 160MHz may be punctured, and 1^(st) and 2^(nd) 20 MHz segments of asecondary 160 MHz may be punctured. For example, PI of the trigger framemay include a bitmap of 0100 10011. A bitmap (i.e., 0100) of 4 bit forprimary 160 MHz may be included in a common field, and a bitmap (i.e.,10011) for 1 bit related to the 320 MHz bandwidth and 4 bit forsecondary 160 MH may be included in a dependent common field.

0100 and 0011 (except for 1 bit indicating a wider bandwidth) may beinterpreted differently according to a method.

(1) When the total bits resulting from combination of indications at theprimary 160 and the secondary 160 indicate a puncturing pattern

That is, it may mean that the total 8 bits of 01000011 indicate apattern in which 3^(rd), 4^(th), 9^(th), and 10^(th) 20 MHz segments arepunctured among 320 MHz puncturing patterns.

(2) When respective patterns at the primary 160 and the secondary 160are indicated

That is, 0100 may mean a pattern in which 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHzsegments patterns of the primary 160 are punctured, and 0011 may mean apattern in which 1^(st) and 2^(nd) 20 MHz segments of the secondary 160are punctured.

The method (1) above may decrease the number of bits on average comparedto the method (2), but it is not possible to know the entire puncturingpattern information until a STA reads a secondary 160 part.

2-2) When a wider bandwidth is present in 240/320 MHz

Wider bandwidth indication: 1 bit is used (for example, 320 MHz if 1,and 240 MHz if 0)

=>Since the wider bandwidth field has already been generated through thevariant, both values 0/1 can be used.

PI: The same method as in the definition (up to 160 MHz) in the section1 may be used.

=>This method is the same as in the method 2-1) except that 240 isindicated.

3. Maintain Existing Trigger Frame+Utilize User Info Field

In order to indicate additional information while maintaining theexisting trigger frame format, the existing bits shall be used. Inaddition, in order to indicate at least 160 MHz, for example, a UL BW of320 MHz, additional information may be necessarily included in additionto a bit for the existing UL BW.

In the sections 1 and 2, the common field is mainly used. If informationdifferent from 11ax is inserted in a reserved bit which is present inthe common field, a malfunction may occur when this trigger frame istransmitted to a STA supporting 11ax. To prevent this, a specific userinfo field which does not read the STA supporting 11ax and reads only11be STAs may be defined, and the 11be STAs may obtain specificinformation through these fields.

This method may set one specific AID. For example, 2047, 2048(or 2007),or the like which is reserved at present may be utilized. That is, uponrecognizing this AID value, the 11be STA may decode fields belonging toUser Info related to a corresponding AID.

Fields of User Info for the specific AID may be maintained withoutalternation from the existing case, or may be modified since the fieldsare for only the 11be STA.

The User Info for the specific AID may include puncturing information(PI). A method in which the PI is included may use a puncturing bitmap(the indication method A) and/or a puncturing pattern (the indicationmethod B) as mentioned in the section 1/2, and both static/dynamicmethods may be applied.

In particular, a UL BW of up to 160 MHz may be indicated in the commonfield as in the conventional case, and 240 or 320 MHz may be indicatedin the User Info field (e.g., 1 bit if only 320 MHz is present, 1 or 2bit or the like if both 240/320 MHz are present). That is, information(e.g., wider bandwidth or bandwidth extension information) related tothe 320 MHz bandwidth may be included in a user info field related to aspecific AID.

In order to reduce a STA behavior and a decoding overhead, a field(i.e., a present field) in which a specific AID is present may beincluded in the common field of the trigger frame. For the presentfield, a reserved bit of the common field may be used.

That is, the STA may know whether special information based on aspecific AID is included in the user info field, based on the presentfield of the common field. If the special information based on thespecific AID is included based on the present field, the STA may performan operation of finding the specific AID, and if the special informationbased on the specific AID is not included based on the present field,the STA may perform only a behavior of finding only an AID thereofwithout having to perform the behavior of finding the specific AID.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

Referring to FIG. 19 , a user info field in which a value of an AID12field is set to 2047 may include additional information for an 11be STA.That is, a specific AID12 value (e.g., 2047, 2007, etc.) is a valuewhich allows the STA to be able to recognize different additionalinformation (e.g., PI, information related to 320 MHz bandwidth, etc.)for a trigger. That is, a bitmap “1001100011000000” may be included inthe user info field related to the value of the specific AID12 field,and ‘1’ in the first part of the bitmap may be related to the 320 MHzbandwidth, and “0011000011000000” in the last part may mean a 16-bit PIbitmap in units of 20 MHz. Herein, if a UL BW of a common field isindicated as 160 MHz, the 11be STA may first recognize this, and thenmay recognize whether a bandwidth is 320 MHz through the user info fieldrelated to the specific AID (2047) of User Info.

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

Referring to FIG. 20 , some parts of a trigger frame may be transmittedfor an 11ax STA, and some parts thereof may be transmitted for an 11beSTA. For example, the trigger frame may be transmitted with UL BW 160MHz to the STAs of 11ax (above 80 MHz) and 11be (below 80 MHz). It maybe transmitted separately for each 80 MHz UL BW. In the presentembodiment, common information is the same in a full 160 MHz band, andspecial information (e.g., PI) may be transferred to the 11be STAthrough a specific AID12 (2047) additionally in the user info field. Forexample, a puncturing pattern in which 7^(th) and 8^(th) 20 MHz segmentsare punctured may be indicated by 010.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a method in which specialinformation is included in a user info field related to a specific AID.

Referring to FIG. 21 , a puncturing pattern in which a second 20 MHzsegment is punctured may be indicated by 010. A trigger frame mayinclude a common info field and a user info field. The common info fieldmay include a present field (e.g., a specific AID present field) relatedto whether the user info field includes the special information. Thatis, the common info field may have the present field indicating apresence of a specific AID12 (e.g., 2407) of the user info field. Whenthe present field includes information indicating that the specificAID12 is present in the user info field, the user info field may includethe AID12 (e.g., 2047) for the special information. For example, thespecial information may include puncturing information (PI) and/orinformation related to a 320 MHz bandwidth. For example, the specialinformation may include information for a STA supporting a standard of11be or post 11be. A value of the AID12 related to the specialinformation is not limited to an embodiment, and may have a value (e.g.,2007, etc.) other than 2047.

FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment of a method of operating a STA.

Referring to FIG. 22 , the operation of the STA may be based ontechnical features described with reference to at least one of FIG. 1 toFIG. 21 .

The STA may receive a trigger frame (S2210). For example, the STA mayreceive the trigger frame from an access point (AP). For example, thetrigger frame may include a common information field and a userinformation field. For example, the user information field may include afirst field related to an association identifier (AID) and a secondfield including information for a STA related to the AID. For example,the second field may include special information for all STAs whichreceive the trigger frame, based on that the first field has a specificvalue. For example, the common information field may include a presentfield related to whether the user information field having the specificvalue is present in the first field of the user information field.

For example, the first field may be an AID12 field. For example, thesecond field may be subfields of a user info field related to AID12.

For example, the common information field may include uplinktransmission bandwidth information.

For example, the special information may include information related toa 320 MHz uplink transmission bandwidth.

For example, the special information may include puncturing information.The trigger frame may be transmitted through a channel subjected topuncturing based on the puncturing information.

For example, the puncturing information may include information relatedto whether puncturing is performed for each 20 MHz unit band.

For example, the puncturing information may include information relatedto an index corresponding to a pre-set puncturing pattern.

The STA may decode the trigger frame (S2220).

The STA may transmit a trigger-based PPDU (S2230). For example, the STAmay transmit the trigger-based PPDU to the AP, and the trigger-basedPPDU may be transmitted with a band based on the puncturing information.

FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of a method of operating an AP.

Referring to FIG. 23 , the operation of the AP may be based on technicalfeatures described with reference to at least one of FIG. 1 to FIG. 21 .

The AP may transmit a trigger frame (S2310). For example, the AP maytransmit the trigger frame to a station (STA).

For example, the trigger frame may include a common information fieldand a user information field. For example, the user information fieldmay include a first field related to an association identifier (AID) anda second field including information for a STA related to the AID. Forexample, the second field may include special information for all STAswhich receive the trigger frame, based on that the first field has aspecific value. For example, the common information field may include apresent field related to whether the user information field having thespecific value is present in the first field of the user informationfield.

For example, the first field may be an AID12 field. For example, thesecond field may be subfields of a user info field related to the AID12.

For example, the common information field may include uplinktransmission bandwidth information.

For example, the special information may include information related toa 320 MHz uplink transmission bandwidth.

For example, the special information may include puncturing information.The trigger frame may be transmitted through a channel subjected topuncturing based on the puncturing information.

For example, the puncturing information may include information relatedto whether puncturing is performed for each 20 MHz unit band.

For example, the puncturing information may include information relatedto an index corresponding to a pre-set puncturing pattern.

The AP may receive a trigger-based PPDU (S2320). For example, the AP mayreceive, from the STA, a trigger-based physical protocol data unit(PPDU) in response to the trigger frame.

Some of detailed steps shown in the example of FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 maynot be essential steps and may be omitted. Other steps may be added inaddition to the steps shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 , and orders of thesteps may vary. Some steps the above steps may have independenttechnical meaning.

The aforementioned technical feature of the present specification may beapplied to various devices and methods. For example, the aforementionedtechnical feature of the present specification may beperformed/supported through the device of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 10 . Forexample, the aforementioned technical feature of the presentspecification may be applied only to part of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 10 . Forexample, the aforementioned technical feature of the presentspecification may be implemented based on the processing chips 114 and124 of FIG. 1 , or may be implemented based on the processors 111 and121 and memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 , or may be implemented based onthe processor 610 and memory 620 of FIG. 10 . For example, the device ofthe present specification includes: a memory; and a processoroperatively connected to the memory. The processor may be adapted to:receive a trigger frame from an access point (AP), wherein the triggerframe includes a common information field and a user information field,the user information field includes a first field related to anassociation identifier (AID) and a second field including informationfor a STA related to the AID, the second field includes specialinformation for all STAs which receive the trigger frame, based on thatthe first field has a specific value, and the common information fieldincludes a present field related to whether the user information fieldhaving the specific value is present in the first field of the userinformation field; and decode the trigger frame.

The technical feature of the present specification may be implementedbased on a computer readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposedby the present specification is at least one computer readable mediumhaving an instruction executed by at least one processor of atransmitting station (STA) MLD of a WLAN system to perform an operationincluding: receiving a trigger frame from an access point (AP), whereinthe trigger frame includes a common information field and a userinformation field, the user information field includes a first fieldrelated to an association identifier (AID) and a second field includinginformation for a STA related to the AID, the second field includesspecial information for all STAs which receive the trigger frame, basedon that the first field has a specific value, and the common informationfield includes a present field related to whether the user informationfield having the specific value is present in the first field of theuser information field; and decoding the trigger frame.

Instructions stored in a CRM of the present specification may beexecuted by at least one processor. The at least one processor relatedto the CRM of the present specification may be the processors 111 and121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 or the processor 610 ofFIG. 10 . Meanwhile, the CRM of the present specification may be thememories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 or the memory 620 of FIG. 10 or aseparate external memory/storage medium/disk or the like.

The foregoing technical features of this specification are applicable tovarious applications or business models. For example, the foregoingtechnical features may be applied for wireless communication of a devicesupporting artificial intelligence (AI).

Artificial intelligence refers to a field of study on artificialintelligence or methodologies for creating artificial intelligence, andmachine learning refers to a field of study on methodologies fordefining and solving various issues in the area of artificialintelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm forimproving the performance of an operation through steady experiences ofthe operation.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learningand may refer to an overall problem-solving model that includesartificial neurons (nodes) forming a network by combining synapses. Theartificial neural network may be defined by a pattern of connectionbetween neurons of different layers, a learning process of updating amodel parameter, and an activation function generating an output value.

The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an outputlayer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes oneor more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapsesthat connect neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron mayoutput a function value of an activation function of input signals inputthrough a synapse, weights, and deviations.

A model parameter refers to a parameter determined through learning andincludes a weight of synapse connection and a deviation of a neuron. Ahyper-parameter refers to a parameter to be set before learning in amachine learning algorithm and includes a learning rate, the number ofiterations, a mini-batch size, and an initialization function.

Learning an artificial neural network may be intended to determine amodel parameter for minimizing a loss function. The loss function may beused as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in a processof learning the artificial neural network.

Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning,unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neuralnetwork with a label given for training data, wherein the label mayindicate a correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neuralnetwork needs to infer when the training data is input to the artificialneural network. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of trainingan artificial neural network without a label given for training data.Reinforcement learning may refer to a training method for training anagent defined in an environment to choose an action or a sequence ofactions to maximize a cumulative reward in each state.

Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) includinga plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks isreferred to as deep learning, and deep learning is part of machinelearning. Hereinafter, machine learning is construed as including deeplearning.

The foregoing technical features may be applied to wirelesscommunication of a robot.

Robots may refer to machinery that automatically process or operate agiven task with own ability thereof. In particular, a robot having afunction of recognizing an environment and autonomously making ajudgment to perform an operation may be referred to as an intelligentrobot.

Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, militaryrobots and the like according uses or fields. A robot may include anactuator or a driver including a motor to perform various physicaloperations, such as moving a robot joint. In addition, a movable robotmay include a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in a driver torun on the ground or fly in the air through the driver.

The foregoing technical features may be applied to a device supportingextended reality.

Extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmentedreality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computergraphic technology of providing a real-world object and background onlyin a CG image, AR technology is a computer graphic technology ofproviding a virtual CG image on a real object image, and MR technologyis a computer graphic technology of providing virtual objects mixed andcombined with the real world.

MR technology is similar to AR technology in that a real object and avirtual object are displayed together. However, a virtual object is usedas a supplement to a real object in AR technology, whereas a virtualobject and a real object are used as equal statuses in MR technology.

XR technology may be applied to a head-mount display (HMD), a head-updisplay (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktopcomputer, a TV, digital signage, and the like. A device to which XRtechnology is applied may be referred to as an XR device.

The claims recited in the present specification may be combined in avariety of ways. For example, the technical features of the methodclaims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented asa device, and the technical features of the device claims of the presentspecification may be combined to be implemented by a method. Inaddition, the technical characteristics of the method claim of thepresent specification and the technical characteristics of the deviceclaim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technicalcharacteristics of the method claim of the present specification and thetechnical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to beimplemented by a method.

1. A method performed by a station (STA) of a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN) system, the method comprising: receiving a trigger framefrom an access point (AP), wherein the trigger frame includes a commoninformation field and a user information field, wherein the userinformation field includes a first field related to an associationidentifier (AID) and a second field including information for a STArelated to the AID, wherein the second field includes specialinformation for all STAs which receive the trigger frame, based on thatthe first field has a specific value, and wherein the common informationfield includes a present field related to whether the user informationfield having the specific value is present in the first field of theuser information field; and decoding the trigger frame.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the common information field includes uplinktransmission bandwidth information.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe special information includes information related to a 320 MHz uplinktransmission bandwidth.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the specialinformation includes puncturing information, and wherein the triggerframe is transmitted through a channel subjected to puncturing based onthe puncturing information.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprisingtransmitting, by the STA, a trigger-based physical protocol data unit(PPDU), wherein the trigger-based PPDU is transmitted with a band basedon the puncturing information.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein thepuncturing information includes information related to whetherpuncturing is performed for each 20 MHz unit band.
 7. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the puncturing information includes information relatedto an index corresponding to a pre-set puncturing pattern.
 8. A station(STA) of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the STAcomprising: a transceiver transmitting and receiving a radio signal; anda processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor isadapted to: receive a trigger frame from an access point (AP), whereinthe trigger frame includes a common information field and a userinformation field, wherein the user information field includes a firstfield related to an association identifier (AID) and a second fieldincluding information for a STA related to the AID, wherein the secondfield includes special information for all STAs which receive thetrigger frame, based on that the first field has a specific value,wherein the common information field includes a present field related towhether the user information field having the specific value is presentin the first field of the user information field; and decode the triggerframe.
 9. The STA of claim 8, wherein the common information fieldincludes uplink transmission bandwidth information.
 10. The STA of claim8, wherein the special information includes information related to a 320MHz uplink transmission bandwidth.
 11. The STA of claim 8, wherein thespecial information includes puncturing information, and wherein thetrigger frame is transmitted through a channel subjected to puncturingbased on the puncturing information.
 12. The STA of claim 11, whereinthe processor is adapted to transmit a trigger-based physical protocoldata unit (PPDU), wherein the trigger-based PPDU is transmitted with aband based on the puncturing information.
 13. The STA of claim 11,wherein the puncturing information includes information related towhether puncturing is performed for each 20 MHz unit band.
 14. The STAof claim 11, wherein the puncturing information includes informationrelated to an index corresponding to a pre-set puncturing pattern. 15.(canceled)
 16. An access point (AP) used in a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN) system, the AP adapted to: transmit a trigger frame to astation (STA), wherein the trigger frame includes a common informationfield and a user information field, wherein the user information fieldincludes a first field related to an association identifier (AID) and asecond field including information for a STA related to the AID, whereinthe second field includes special information for all STAs which receivethe trigger frame, based on that the first field has a specific value,wherein the common information field includes a present field related towhether the user information field having the specific value is presentin the first field of the user information field; and receive, from theSTA, a trigger-based physical protocol data unit (PPDU) in response tothe trigger frame. 17-18. (canceled)